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SS Montanan
SS ''Montanan'' was a cargo ship built in 1912 for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. During World War I service for the United States Army Transport Service, she was known as USAT ''Montanan''. ''Montanan'' was built by the Maryland Steel Company as one of eight sister ships for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company, and was employed in inter-coastal service via the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and the Panama Canal after it opened.
In World War I, USAT ''Montanan'' carried cargo and animals to France, and was in the first American convoy to sail to France after the United States entered the war in April 1917. While in another eastbound convoy in August 1918, USAT ''Montanan'' was torpedoed and sunk by some west of Le Verdon-sur-Mer, France. Of the 86 men aboard the ship, 81 were rescued by a convoy escort; five men died in the attack.
==Design and construction==
In September 1911, the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company placed an order with the Maryland Steel Company of Sparrows Point, Maryland, for four new cargo ships — , , ''Montanan'', and .〔Maryland Steel had built three ships — , ''Georgian'', and ''Honolulan'' — for American-Hawaiian in 1909 in what proved to be a satisfactory arrangement for both companies. See: Cochran and Ginger, p. 358.〕 The contract cost of the ships was set at the construction cost plus an 8% profit for Maryland Steel, but with a maximum cost of $640,000 per ship. The construction was financed by Maryland Steel with a credit plan that called for a 5% down payment in cash, with nine monthly installments for the balance. The deal had provisions that allowed some of the nine installments to be converted into longer-term notes or mortgages. The final cost of ''Montanan'', including financing costs, was $73.62 per deadweight ton, which came out to just over $692,000.〔
''Montanan'' (Maryland Steel yard no. 126)〔 was the second ship built under the original contract.〔Further contracts on similar terms were signed in November 1911 and May 1912 to build four additional ships: , , , . See: Cochran and Ginger, p. 358, and Colton.〕 She was launched on 25 January 1913,〔 and delivered to American-Hawaiian in April.〔 ''Montanan'' was ,〔 and was in length and abeam.〔 She had a deadweight tonnage of , and her cargo holds, which had a storage capacity of ,〔 were outfitted with a complete refrigeration plant so that she could carry perishable products from the West Coast — such as fresh produce from Southern California farms — to the East Coast. ''Montanan'' had a single steam engine powered by oil-fired boilers which drove a single screw propeller at a speed of .〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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